Laboratory-based high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: a novel & flexible reaction cell approach

摘要

The last 10-15 years has witnessed a resurgence in the application of high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HPXPS), mainly through the development of new electron energy analyser designs, and the utilization of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation sources. To continue this expansion of the technique it is crucial that instruments are developed for the home-laboratory, considering that this is where the vast majority of traditional ultra-high vacuum (UHV) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed. The research presented here introduces a new addition to the field, an instrument capable of performing spectroscopy measurements from UHV through to high pressure (25 mbar), achieved using a retractable and modular reaction cell design. The ease of use, stability (of analyser, X-ray source and gas delivery etc.), as well as overall capability of the instrument will be demonstrated.